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The precise blending of tiny particles and multicolor dyes transforms gelatin into a realistic surrogate for human tissue. These tissue mimics, known as "phantoms," provide an accurate proving ground for new photoacoustic and ultrasonic imaging technologies.

A little piece of iron wire is magnetic – just like a huge iron rod.

As trees shed their foliage this fall, they reveal a mysterious, nearly universal growth pattern first observed by Leonardo da Vinci 500 years ago: a simple yet startling relationship that always holds between the size of a tree's trunk and sizes of its branches.

Every wine aficionado knows that wine has to be swirled in a glass in order for it to release its aroma. Applied to biotechnologies over some fifteen years, this ordinary gesture has made it possible to develop more efficient machines for culturing proteins in animal cells.

Japanese researchers have demonstrated a scissors-type trilayer magnetoresistance device that is promising for narrow readers of ultra-high density hard disk drives (HDD). This device uses an antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling of two Heusler alloy ferromagnetic (FM) layers separated by a thin silver layer. Since the magnetization of the two FM layers rotate around each other like scissors due to the antiferromagnetic coupling, the device is called a scissor-type MR sensor.

(PhysOrg.com) -- Quantum mechanics implies that uncertainty in experimental measurements are an inherent part of nature – an idea that Albert Einstein disparagingly characterized as “rolling dice”. This true quantum randomness, for which Einstein was concerned, contrasts with a conventional gaming die, whose motion follows the laws of classical mechanics and is therefore pseudo-random

Existing coherent ultraviolet light sources are power hungry, bulky and expensive. University of Michigan researchers have found a better way to build compact ultraviolet sources with low power consumption that could improve information storage, microscopy and chemical analysis.

Alice and Bob have broken up and have moved as far away from each other as possible. But they still have something to sort out: who gets to keep the car. Flipping a coin while talking on the phone to decide who gets to keep it just won't work

Negative ions play an important role in everything from how our bodies function to the structure of the universe.

In many ionic materials, including the oxides, surfaces created along specific directions can become electrically charged. By the same token, such electronic charging, or 'polarisation', can also occur at the interface of two connecting materials.

(PhysOrg.com) -- Physicists know that neutrinos (and antineutrinos) come in three flavors: electron, muon, and tau. In several experiments, researchers have detected each of the neutrino flavors and even watched them “oscillate” back and forth between flavors. But starting in the early ‘90s, some experiments have also revealed a nagging anomaly: muon antineutrinos oscillate into electron antineutrinos at a 3% higher rate than predicted.

In 2009, when biophysicist Ilme Schlichting and her colleagues applied to use the X-ray laser at SLAC’s Linac Coherent Light Source, they added a radical idea to their proposal: They would make all the data they collected on two viruses and a nanoparticle available to the public one year after the experiment ended.

Like jazz musicians who make up a melody as they go along, scientists often improvise even after an experiment is underway.

(PhysOrg.com) -- Earlier this year, PhysOrg reported on a new idea that suggested that gravitational charges in the quantum vacuum could provide an alternative to dark matter.

Atoms trapped by laser light have become excellent platforms for simulating solid state systems. These systems are also a playground for exploring quantum matter and even uncovering new phenomena not yet seen in nature.