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Islay, rising out of the stormy Atlantic off the west coast of Scotland, is the southernmost island of the Inner Hebrides and is home to eight windswept distilleries.

For a limited time, the full text of this article is being made available for fans of Scientific American's page on Facebook. Read it now or become a fan . One hundred years ago, in June 1911, Robert Falcon Scott and 32 explorers--most of them British scientists, naval officers or seafarers--were huddled in the darkness of the Antarctic winter, when the sun never rises above the horizon and up to eight feet of ice seals the surrounding sea