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Photo-induced phase transition (PIPT) has caused great excitement in materials science because ultra-fast alteration of the magnetic, dielectric, structural and optical properties of materials can be brought about with very weak photonic excitation as a result of cooperative interactions. An essential question that arises is how we can identify a novel phase of solid that is uniquely generated under photo-excited conditions.

The human eye is an exquisitely complicated organ. It acts like a camera to collect and focus light and convert it into an electrical signal that the brain translates into images. But instead of photographic film, it has a highly specialized retina that detects light and processes the signals using dozens of different kinds of neurons

Theories about Stonehenge have historically tended to regard it as a stand-alone monument. But an increasingly well-supported view holds that Stonehenge was just part of a much larger ceremonial landscape, as this article in the March issue of Scientific American explains